Aplasia cutis congenita associated with epidermolysis bullosa in a Nigerian child

Authors

  • Sunday O. Ochigbo Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State
  • Anachunna I. Kingsley Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State
  • Cobham E. Antigha Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State
  • Udo J. Jacob Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20180144

Keywords:

Newborn, Heterogeneous, Aplasia cutis, Skin

Abstract

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) associated with epidermolysis bullosa is a rare heterogeneous congenital cutaneous lesion characterized by absence of skin mostly involving the epidermis and dermis. ACC commonly affect the scalp in 75% of cases but can affect other sites like the trunk and limbs. It is highly heterogeneous and inherited either as autosomal dominant, recessive or caused by a new mutation. The exact cause is unknown although some intrauterine conditions may play a role in the etiology. Anticonvulsants and antithyroid drugs have also been implicated. The condition can coexist with other syndromes. Our patient was 2.95 kg female baby delivered via emergency caesarean section (CS) due to previous CS and cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) at gestational age (GA) of 42 weeks. After delivery, we observed skin defects which measured 6 cm×4 cm and 2 cm×2.5 cm on the shin and dorsum of the right foot respectively. There were loose fragment of skin and blisters around the hypopigmented edges of the lesion. Milia were observed on the dorsum of the foot; hence patient was classified into group VI Friedens classification of ACC. The lesion was conservatively managed and dressed daily using gauze-impregnated with honey. The lesion healed within 2 weeks and 4 weeks review showed no residual scar. We recommend conservative management with honey in the absence of deep tissue loss as observed in our patient, as well as educate parents on the need to avoid aggravating factors.

Author Biographies

Sunday O. Ochigbo, Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State

Department of Paediatrics

Senior Lecturer

Anachunna I. Kingsley, Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State

Department of Paediatrics, Univerity of Calabar.

Professor

Cobham E. Antigha, Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State

Department of Paediatrics,

Senior Registrar

Udo J. Jacob, Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State

Department of Paediatrics,

Senior Registrar

References

Joseph G. Morelli. Cutaneous Defects. Robert M. Kleigman. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Chapter 647. 18th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007.

Agata P, Anna S, Dorota P, Barbara K. Congenital skin aplasia on the lower limb in a premature infant with ELBW - case report. Italian J Pediatr. 2014;40:88

Frieden IJ. Aplasia cutis congenita: clinical review and proposal for classification. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;14(4):646-60.

İşcimen A, Yardımcı G. Aplasia cutis congenita. J Turk Acad Dermatol. 2010;4(2):04201

Atik B, Tan O, Bayram I, Tuncer O, Kirimi E. Asymmetrical non-scalp aplasia cutis congenita: a case report. J Dermatol. 2004;31:923–6.

Maya, Y, Yakubu AM, Aplasia Cutis in a Nigerian child. case report. Niger J Paediatr. 2017;44(1):32-4.

Kruk-Jeromin, J, Janik, J. and Rykała, J. Aplasia Cutis Congenita of the Scalp. Dermatologic Surg. 1998;24:549-53.

Rajabian MH, Aghaei S. Adams‐Oliver syndrome and isolated aplasia cutis congenita in two siblings. Dermatol online J. 2006;12(6):17.

Moros PM, Labay MM, Valle SS. Aplasia cutis congenita in a newborn: aetiopathogenic review and diagnostic approach. Ann Esp Paediatr. 2000;52(5):453-6.

Downloads

Published

2018-01-23