Association of serum iron profile in female patients with melasma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20242355Keywords:
Association, Serum iron profile, MelasmaAbstract
Background: Melasma, an acquired pigmentary disorder, presents as symmetric, hyperpigmented macules and patches, primarily on the face. Its prevalence ranges from 1.5% to 33.3% and affects women more than men, impacting self-image and quality of life. Genetic predisposition, sun exposure, and hormonal factors significantly increase tyrosinase activity. The study aims to find an association between serum iron profile and melasma among female patients.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study occurred in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, enrolling 100 women from July 2022 to June 2023. Participants were divided into groups: Group A (patients with melasma) and Group B (healthy respondents without melasma).
Results: The study compared two groups, finding no significant differences in age, marital status, occupation, or income. Group A had a higher percentage of patients with a family history of melasma (70% vs 28%) and significantly lower levels of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, iron, and transferrin saturation, but higher TIBC levels compared to Group B. Melasma was mainly central facial and symmetrical. Group A had a higher frequency of low haemoglobin, ferritin, iron, and transferrin saturation. The mMASI scores showed a negative correlation with hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation, and a positive correlation with TIBC, indicating more severe melasma with poorer iron profiles.
Conclusions: There was a significant inverse correlation between low body iron stores and the severity of melasma, indicating that iron deficiency may contribute to or aggravate melasma in females. Therefore, the findings suggest that iron supplementation could improve treatment outcomes for melasma.
Metrics
References
Kang HY, Hwang JS, Lee JY, Ahn JH, Kim JY, Lee ES, Kang WH. The dermal stem cell factor and c‐kit are overexpressed in melasma. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154(6):1094-9.
Grimes PE. Melasma: etiologic and therapeutic considerations. Arch Dermatol. 1995;131(12):1453-7.
Ortonne JP, Arellano I, Berneburg M, Cestari T, Chan H, Grimes P, et al. A global survey of the role of ultraviolet radiation and hormonal influences in the development of melasma. J Euro Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009;23(11).
Bagherani N, Gianfaldoni S, Smoller B. An overview of melasma. Pigmentary Disorders. 2015;2(10):218.
Hentze MW, Muckenthaler MU, Galy B, Camaschella C. Two to tango: regulation of Mammalian iron metabolism. Cell. 2010;142(1):24-38.
Abbaspour N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R. Review on iron and its importance for human health. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan Univ Med Sci. 2014;19(2):164.
Camaschella C. Iron-deficiency anemia. New England journal of medicine. 2015;372(19):1832-43.
Kassebaum NJ, Jasrasaria R, Naghavi M, Wulf SK, Johns N, Lozano R, et al. A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010. Blood J Am Society Hematol. 2014;123(5):615-24.
Jimenez K, Kulnigg-Dabsch S, Gasche C. Management of iron deficiency anemia. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;11(4):241.
Rahman MA, Rahman MS, Aziz Rahman M, Szymlek-Gay EA, Uddin R, Islam SM. Prevalence of and factors associated with anaemia in women of reproductive age in Bangladesh, Maldives and Nepal: Evidence from nationally-representative survey data. Plos One. 2021;16(1):e0245335.
Prakash M, Manjunath NC, Deepali BS. A Descriptive Case-Control Study on Assessment of Iron Profile in Patients with and Without Melasma. Clin Dermatol Rev. 2021;5(2):168-72.
Behrangi E, Baniasadi F, Esmaeeli S, Hedayat K, Goodarzi A, Azizian Z. Serum iron level, ferritin and total iron binding capacity level among nonpregnant women with and without melasma. J Res Med Sci. 2015;20(3):281-3.
Najad SB, Khodaiiani E, Herizchi H, Mehrabi P. Frequency of iron deficiency anaemia, folate and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with melasma. Med J Tabriz Univ Med Sci. 2012;34(2):12-5.
Qazi I, Dogra NK, Dogra D. Serum Iron profile in Female patients of Melasma: A case control study. Asian Pac J Health Sci. 2017;4(2):141-6.
Kwon SH, Park KC. Melasma and common pigmentary dermatoses in Asian individuals and an overview of their treatment. J Clin Investigat Dermatol. 2014;2(1):8.
Lee AY. An updated review of melasma pathogenesis. Dermatologica Sinica. 2014;32(4):233-9.
Goodarzi A, Behrangi E, Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan A, Roohaninasab M, Hosseini-Baharanchi FS, Shemshadi M, et al. The association between melasma and iron profile: a case-control study. Russian Open Med J. 2020;9(2):202.
Chaitanya NC, Priyanka DR, Madireddy N, Priyanka JN, Ramakrishna M, Ajay M, et al. Melasma associated with periodontitis, anemia, and vitamin d abnormalities: a chance occurrence or a syndrome. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2018;19(10):1254-9.
Kiayani AJ, Shaikh HA, Mirza U, Malik A, Mirza F. Association of melasma with iron deficiency anemia and thyroid disease in females at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. J Pakistan Assoc Dermatol. 2019;29(4):354-6.
