Auto-defense of skin and melanin regulation through glutathione reductase modulation: a new insight
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20242357Keywords:
Evefresh skinbrite, Glutathione reductase, GSSG, Tyrosinase inhibition, Beriberis aristataAbstract
Background: The present study is to understand the Siddha cosmetic preparation - Eve fresh skinbrite cream/herbal extracts used in the cream in down-regulating the melanogenesis process and upregulating glutathione activity to offer skin lightening benefit.
Methods: The effect of certain herbal extracts or the combination in reducing tyrosinase activity and associated melanin formation was evaluated in B16F10 melanoma cells and also up regulating glutathione reductase activity leading to the conversion of a reduced form of glutathione (GSH) from GSSG.
Results: The extract of Berberis aristata exhibited even activity in inhibiting both tyrosinase and melanin in B16F10 melanoma cell lines. The extract combination also showed a greater effect on increasing GR activity.
Conclusions: The herbal ingredients individually and as a combination exhibited strong effects in reducing tyrosinase activity and also upregulating GR activity and thereby reducing skin pigmentation.
Metrics
References
Bai H, Graham C. Introduction: Skin. Yale J Biol Med. 2020;93(1):1-2.
Lee AY. Skin Pigmentation Abnormalities and Their Possible Relationship with Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(7):3727.
Pandel R, Poljšak B, Godic A, Dahmane R. Skin photoaging and the role of antioxidants in its prevention. ISRN Dermatol. 2013;2013:930164.
Pollock S, Taylor S, Oyerinde O, Nurmohamed S, Dlova N, Sarkar R, et al. The dark side of skin lightening: An international collaboration and review of a public health issue affecting dermatology. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020;7(2):158-64.
Weschawalit S, Thongthip S, Phutrakool P, Asawanonda P. Glutathione and its antiaging and antimelanogenic effects. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017;10:147-53.
Couto N, Wood J, Barber J. The role of glutathione reductase and related enzymes on cellular redox homoeostasis network. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016;95:27-42.
Sekine Y, Togi S, Muromoto R, Kon S, Kitai Y, Yoshimura A, et al. STAP-2 Protein Expression in B16F10 Melanoma Cells Positively Regulates Protein Levels of Tyrosinase, Which Determines Organs to Infiltrate in the Body. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(28):17462-73.
Eghbali-Feriz S, Taleghani A, Al-Najjar H, Emami SA, Rahimi H, Asili J, et al. Anti-melanogenesis and anti-tyrosinase properties of Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica extracts on B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Res Pharm Sci. 2018;13(6):533-45.
Akaberi M, Emami SA, Vatani M, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Activity of Different Extracts of Aerial Parts of N. Sintenisii in Murine Melanoma B16F10 Cells. Iran J Pharm Res. 2018;17(1):225-35.
Malik SA, Khole S, Mittal SPK, Urmode T, Kusurkar R, Ghaskadbi SS. Differential response of antioxidant defense in HepG2 cells on exposure of Livotrit®, in a concentration dependent manner. J Tradit Complement Med. 2018;9(1):38-44.
Scott D, Toney M, Muzikár M. Harnessing the Mechanism of Glutathione Reductase for Synthesis of Active Site Bound Metallic Nanoparticles and Electrical Connection to Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc. 2008;130(3):865-74.
Gómez-Hernández MA, Flores-Merino MV, Sánchez-Flores JE, Burrola-Aguilar C, Zepeda-Gómez C, Nieto-Trujillo A, et al. Photoprotective Activity of Buddleja cordata Cell Culture Methanolic Extract on UVB-irradiated 3T3-Swiss Albino Fibroblasts. Plants (Basel). 2021;10(2):266.
Rittié L, Fisher GJ. Natural and sun-induced aging of human skin. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015;5(1):a015370.
Forman HJ, Zhang H, Rinna A. Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis. Mol Aspects Med. 2009;30(1-2):1-12.