A real-world data analysis on the usage of paraphenylenediamine and ammonia free hair dye
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20231795Keywords:
Hair dye, PPD, Ammonia, TDSAbstract
Background: Dyeing of hair for various reasons is a common practice across a broad age group. Most hair dyes available in the market contain para-phenylenediamine (PPD) and/or ammonia, which are proven skin and scalp irritants. A quest for better tolerable hair dyes has led to emergence of toluene-2, 5-diamine sulfate (TDS) and monoethanolamine (MEA), as a substitute to PPD and ammonia, respectively.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 35 participants from four centers across India to evaluate the efficacy, and tolerance of ammonia-free and PPD-free permanent hair dye.
Results: A PPD-free and ammonia-free cream-based hair dye showed promising results. The color uptake following 35 minutes of application was 100% in 54.2% of the participants. The color retention was more than 95% in 74.3% participants after 8-10 shampoo washes. The adverse effects were noted to be markedly less with only a few cases experiencing itching. The participants' feedback obtained showed a conclusively high satisfaction rate. The Physicians' assessment of efficacy and safety recorded favorable scores.
Conclusions: A TDS and MEA based cream hair color can be an effective and safe alternative to PPD and ammonia-based hair dye.
Metrics
References
Draelos ZD. A clinical evaluation of a permanent hair dye designed to reduce allergic contact dermatitis and hair damage. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022;00:1-4.
Verhulst L, Goossens A. Cosmetic components causing contact urticaria: a review and update. Contact Dermatitis. 2016;75(6):333-44.
Mandiracioglu A, Kose S, Gozaydin A, Turken M, Kuzucu L. Occupational health risks of barbers and coiffeurs in Izmir. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2009;13(2):92-6.
Venkatesan G, Dancik Y, Sinha A, Kyaw HM, Srinivas R, Dawson TL Jr et al. Development of novel alternative hair dyes to hazardous para-phenylenediamine. J Hazard Mater. 2021;402:123712.
Scheman A, Cha C, Bhinder M. Alternative hair-dye products for persons allergic to para-phenylenediamine. Dermatitis. 2011;22(4):189-92.
Nemer M, Sikkeland LI, Kasem M. Airway inflammation and ammonia exposure among female Palestinian hairdressers: a cross-sectional study. Occup Environ Med. 2015;72:428-34.
Smith RAW. The Role of Monoethanolamine in Hair Bleaching and Dyeing: Mechanistic Insights from Model Formulations. 2014. Available at: https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8316/. Accessed on 22 May 2023.
Turati F, Pelucchi C, Galeone C, Decarli A, Vecchia C. Personal hair dye use and bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Ann Epidemiol. 2014;24(2):151-9.
Thun MJ, Altekruse SF, Namboodiri MM, Calle EE, Myers DG, Heath CW Jr. Hair dye use and risk of fatal cancers in U.S. women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86:210-5.
Mrinal G. A study of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding hair dye use among general population. Our Dermatol Online. 2018;9:15-8.
Patel D, Narayana S, Krishnaswamy B. Trends in use of hair dye: a cross-sectional study. Int J Trichol. 2013;5(3):140-3.
Da França SA, Dario MF, Esteves VB, Baby AR, Velasco MVB, Types of Hair Dye and Their Mechanisms of Action. Cosmetics. 2015;2:110-26.