Cytotoxic, cytostatic, and keratolytic activity of anti-dandruff shampoo formulations

Siddhivinayak S. Barve; Swapnil Deshpande; Pranjali P. Dhawal

doi:10.18203/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20230036

Authors

Siddhivinayak S. Barve KET’s Scientific Research Centre, Vaze College Campus, Mithagar Road, Mulund East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Swapnil Deshpande Abbott Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Bandra (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Pranjali P. Dhawal Fragrance and Flavors Association of India, Research and Development Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20230036

Keywords:

Selenium sulfide, Ketoconazole, Zinc pyrithione, Immortalized keratinocytes, Human dermal fibroblasts, Cytostatic activity, Keratolytic activity

Abstract

Background: Dandruff is characterized by increased sebum production, yeast colonization, and hyper-keratinization leading to an itchy-flaky scalp. Ancillary non-microbial reasons for flaky scalp include ultraviolet rays and excessive heat from the sun. Thus, apart from traditional anti-fungal activity, anti-dandruff formulations should also possess the keratolytic activity and should be safe to use.

Methods: Selsun, a shampoo formulation with 2.5% selenium sulfide (SS2.5), was tested in-vitro for its cytotoxic and cytostatic activities via cell viability of primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Its keratolytic activity was determined by assessing anti-proliferative activity on immortalized human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line. The shampoo was compared with 3 other shampoo formulations, one containing 2% ketoconazole (K2), second containing 2% ketoconazole with 1% zinc pyrithione (K2ZP1), and third containing 1% zinc pyrithione (ZP1).

Results: Of the tested samples, SS2.5 and K2ZP1 showed cytostatic and keratolytic activity where the IC₅₀ values on normal HDFs i.e., 0.521 mg/ml and 0.220 mg/ml, respectively, were higher than those on HaCaT cells (0.162 mg/ml and 0.198 mg/ml, respectively). SS2.5 displayed the highest keratolytic activity at IC₅₀ of 0.162 mg/ml, followed by K2ZP1 (0.198 mg/ml) and K2 (0.267 mg/ml). On normal HDFs, SS2.5 showed the highest IC₅₀ value (0.521 mg/ml), followed by K2 at 0.264 mg/mL, K2ZP1 at 0.220 mg/ml, and ZP1 at 0.139 mg/ml.

Conclusions: SS2.5 was found to possess the highest cytostatic and keratolytic activities among all the shampoo formulations tested, thereby confirming its safety profile.

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